Over the past few years, Saudi Arabia has ramped up its investment in artificial intelligence and smart technologies as part of its Vision 2030 goals. With Hajj being one of the largest annual human gatherings in the world, it has become a major focus for digital transformation. 

As the number of pilgrims steadily climbs, expected to surpass 2 million this year, the Kingdom is turning to AI to enhance crowd control, safety, health services, and the overall pilgrimage experience. 

From facial recognition systems to multilingual robots and drone-supported emergency response, AI is playing a transformative role in Hajj. 

Crowd Control

One of the greatest challenges during Hajj is managing the massive flow of pilgrims.

Smart AI tech is now crucial for crowd control and the most notable platform is the Nusuk platform. This platform enables users to book appointments to visit the Holy Rawdah in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medinah.

This year also saw the introduction of the “Digital Nusuk Card,” a smart ID issued in both physical and electronic form to every pilgrim. Designed to streamline access and services, the card is required throughout the entire pilgrimage from arrival in Saudi Arabia to final departure. It serves multiple functions, including access to holy sites and coordination with service providers. The card holds key information such as the pilgrim’s personal details, medical records, accommodation in Mecca, assigned service company, and group leader’s contact. Authorities say the card helps improve organization and ensure smoother communication between pilgrims and officials during Hajj.

 In addition, the authorities have established a facial recognition system for crowd monitoring.

Security

Another one of the technologies are virtual glasses used by security services. These glasses aim to make the process of inspecting vehicles more efficient. In addition, smart cameras were also installed to detect suspicions and identify accidents. 

Moreover, drones were also implemented as part of the operational plans for this Hajj season. The General Directorate of the Saudi Civil Defense employed the Falcon drone equipped with AI in an effort to integrate smart technology into emergency response. 

 The drone is designed for firefighting and rescue missions in areas that are difficult to access or at high altitudes. It features a multi-purpose firefighting system, thermal imaging cameras, and live video transmission capabilities. This allows command centers to monitor situations in real time and coordinate responses more effectively, especially in crowded or sensitive zones.

AI- Driven Apps

Pilgrims are increasingly equipped with AI-powered mobile apps that provide real-time information and personalized guidance throughout their journey. 

One example of AI being used during Hajj is the “Manara 2” robot at the Grand Mosque in Mecca. Designed to support millions of international pilgrims, this smart robot provides instant religious guidance in more than 11 languages. It features a touchscreen for easy interaction, high-resolution cameras, and smooth mobility to navigate the mosque. For more complex questions, it can connect users directly with qualified Islamic scholars via video call. Thus with a design inspired by Islamic architecture, Manara 2 blends tradition with modern technology.

Healthcare is a critical component during Hajj, given the sheer number of attendees and the physical demands of the pilgrimage. Thus, Saudi introduced applications such as Tawakkalna and other health platforms provide real-time access to medical services. Additionally, digital guidance tools offer interactive maps for navigating Madinah’s landmarks and public facilities.

Saudi is also introducing the Smart Enrichment Assistant, an application designed to support users  in multiple languages. This includes prayer times, schedules of imams, and locations of religious classes.

Heat

The extreme heat during the Hajj pilgrimage poses significant health risks. In response, Saudi Arabia has implemented AI-driven solutions to mitigate these challenges. Advanced cooling systems, including misting machines and expanded shaded areas, have been deployed to provide relief to pilgrims. Additionally, AI technologies monitor environmental conditions and adjust cooling measures accordingly to maintain a safe and comfortable environment. 

As Saudi Arabia continues to invest heavily in AI, it is only natural that Hajj becomes a major focus for technological innovation and development. The integration of smart systems into religious spaces reflects not only a push for operational efficiency, but also an effort to rebrand Saudi Arabia as a digital innovation hub. The Hajj pilgrimage is increasingly shaped by technological advances, marking a path of innovation as Saudi Arabia modernizes the experience for millions of pilgrims.